More applications are probably being developed for the Windows 95
operating system than any other at this time.  Since it also has
more built-in accessibility features than any other version of
Windows, the incentives are mounting for users with disabilities
to upgrade their computers from previous operating systems.
Compatibility with existing adaptive equipment, however, is an
important concern.

To assist persons considering such a transition, I am posting a
Windows 95 setup troubleshooting guide from the
Microsoft Knowledge Base.  This and other technical support
articles can also be retrieved from the web site
http://www.microsoft.com/kb and from the Microsoft Download Service
at (206) 637-9009.

Jamal Mazrui
National Council on disability
Email: 74444.1076@compuserve.com

----------

Knowledge Base
Title: Windows 95 Setup: Description and Troubleshooting Steps
Document Number: Q129260           Publ Date: 08-MAR-1996
Product Name: Microsoft Windows 95.x Retail Product
Product Version: 95
Operating System: WINDOWS

 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 The information in this article applies to:
  - Microsoft Windows 95
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 SUMMARY
                                 =======
 This article describes the Windows 95 Setup process for a typical upgrade
 from an earlier version of Windows and lists steps to troubleshoot Setup
 problems.
                             MORE INFORMATION
                             ================
 Starting Setup
 ==============
 Microsoft Windows 95 can upgrade Windows version 3.0 and higher and Windows
 for Workgroups version 3.1 and higher. If you are using Windows 3.0, you
 must run Setup from MS-DOS. If you are using Windows 3.1 or Windows for
 Workgroups 3.1 or higher, you can run Setup from MS-DOS or Windows.
 Windows 95 can upgrade MS-DOS, PC-DOS, or OEM-DOS version 3.2 and higher.
 Setup Step-by-Step
 ==================
 Understanding the steps that Setup performs may help you to troubleshoot
 problems you encounter during the Setup process. Setup performs the
 following steps:
 Step 1 - Initializing Setup
 ---------------------------
 In this step, Windows 95 prepares your computer for installation by
 performing the following functions:
  - If you run Setup from MS-DOS, Windows 95 searches the local hard
    disk for a previous version of Windows 3.1 or later. If a previous
    version is found, Setup recommends that you quit Setup and then run
    Setup again from inside the existing Windows version.
  - Setup checks for the minimum system configuration.
  - Setup checks for an extended memory manager (such as HIMEM.SYS) and
    a disk cache program (such as SMARTDRV.EXE). If either is not found,
    Setup loads one.
  - Setup checks for the presence of "dirty" or "deadly" terminate-and-
    stay-resident programs (TSRs) that are known to cause problems with
    Windows 95 Setup.  Use SETUP /IT to ignore this TSR check.
  - If you run Setup from MS-DOS, Setup installs the necessary
    components for mini-Windows. Setup stores these files in a
    temporary directory it creates called WININST0.400.
  - Setup runs SCANDISK /ALL /NOTEXT to check the hard disk for any
    problems. Use SETUP /IS to not run ScanDisk during Setup.
  - Setup starts the graphical user interface (GUI) and displays the
    "Welcome to Setup" message. At this point, Setup switches the
    processor into protected mode and makes extended memory
    available.
  - If Setup finds an OLD_DOS.X directory, it asks you if you want
    to delete this information to free hard disk space.
    An OLD_DOS.X directory is created when you install the MS-DOS 6.x
    Upgrade or Step-Up. This directory is used if you decide to remove
    the upgrade and return to your earlier version of MS-DOS. If you did
    not install the MS-DOS 6.x Upgrade or Step-Up, you do not have an
    OLD_DOS.X directory.
 Step 2 - Preparation for Smart Recovery
 ---------------------------------------
 If for any reason Setup does not finish and the computer needs to be
 restarted, the following lines in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file prompt you to run
 Setup again and choose the Smart Recovery option:
    @if exist c:\wininst0.400\suwarn.bat call c:\wininst0.400\suwarn.bat
    @if exist c:\wininst0.400\suwarn.bat del c:\wininst0.400\suwarn.bat
 Step 3 - Read the SETUPLOG.TXT File
 -----------------------------------
 Setup reads the SETUPLOG.TXT file to see if Setup failed previously. If
 Setup did fail previously, Setup prompts you to run Smart Recovery or to
 continue using the Full Install option.
 If the SETUPLOG.TXT file is complete and you run Setup from the same
 version of Windows, Setup provides a Verify option. Using this option
 causes Setup to check the Windows 95 file sizes and dates. If a file is
 damaged, Setup re-installs it.
 Step 4 - Gathering Information
 ------------------------------
 Setup collects information from you (such as your name and the directory
 in which to install Windows 95) and writes that information to the
 SETUPLOG.TXT file for use when copying files.
 Step 5 - Hardware Detection
 ---------------------------
 Hardware detection is the most intense portion of Setup. Windows 95
 maintains a database of known legacy (non-Plug and Play) devices and the
 resources that they use. Setup polls all of these resources (I/O ports,
 IRQs, DMA channels, memory addresses, and so on) and looks for responses to
 determine what device is using each resource. If Setup detects a Plug and
 Play device, it adds that device's configuration information to the
 registry.
 Setup creates the registry and puts the SYSTEM.NEW, USER.NEW, and
 DETLOG.TXT files in the root directory of drive C. To help speed the
 process of searching through the extensive .INF files, Setup uses two
 indexing files, DRVIDX.BIN and DRVDATA.BIN, from the temporary directory
 (WININST0.400).
 Step 6 - Windows Components
 ---------------------------
 When you select the components to install (or accept the default
 components), Setup writes them to the SETUPLOG.TXT file with the other
 Setup information.
 Step 7 - Preparing to Copy Files
 --------------------------------
 Setup uses the SETUPX.DLL file to create a list of files to copy based on
 the components you selected.
 Step 8 - Copying Files
 ----------------------
 If you chose to create a Startup Disk, Setup copies the Startup Disk files
 now. Next, Setup copies the files prepared in step 7 to the hard disk.
 Step 9 - Finishing Setup
 ------------------------
 After copying all the necessary files, Setup upgrades the existing copy of
 Windows and replaces the existing MS-DOS version with the Windows 95
 operating system. After Setup reaches 100% complete, it writes information
 to the hard disk's master boot record (MBR) and renames the IO.SYS and
 MSDOS.SYS files to IO.DOS and MSDOS.DOS. At this point you are prompted to
 click the Finish button so that Setup can restart your computer and
 complete the installation.
 Step 10 - Configuring Hardware
 ------------------------------
 Setup updates the configuration files by running WININIT.EXE to process the
 options in the WININIT.INI file. The WININIT.INI file tells Setup to create
 the VMM32.VXD file and to rename the files that were used by Setup
 initially but are no longer needed.
 Step 11 - Run-Once
 ------------------
 Setup runs the Run-Once module. This module is specified in the registry
 and installs certain device configurations and printers, converts .GRP
 files to Windows 95 format, sets the time and date, and sets up the Help
 system for Windows 95.
 Step 12 - Second Reboot
 -----------------------
 This step does not occur on all computers. Setup may restart your computer
 a second time so that it can finalize the hardware settings. This extra
 step lets Setup detect hardware that could not be detected during the
 original hardware detection.
 For example, if your computer contains a sound card with a built-in SCSI
 controller, Setup detects the sound card and SCSI controller during the
 initial hardware detection phase. Setup restarts your computer a second
 time so that it can load the SCSI enumerator and detect whatever is
 attached to the SCSI controller (such as a CD-ROM drive).
 Troubleshooting Setup
 =====================
 Before you try any of the following steps, create a boot disk for your
 current operating system. Copy any files you need to start your computer
 (including the AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files) to the boot disk. Make
 sure to include any necessary device driver files (such as a device driver
 that gives you access to the hard disk). For instructions about how to
 create a boot disk, please consult your operating system's documentation.
 Clean Boot
 ----------
 If you have problems installing Windows 95, you should first try a clean
 boot. If no disk-compression software, disk partitioning software, or other
 third-party driver is necessary to start your computer, follow these steps
 to try a clean boot:
 1. Rename the CONFIG.SYS file to CONFIG.XXX. To do so, type the following
    line at a command prompt:
       ren c:\config.sys config.xxx
 2. Rename the AUTOEXEC.BAT file to AUTOEXEC.XXX. To do so, type the
    following line at a command prompt:
       ren c:\autoexec.bat autoexec.xxx
 3. Restart your computer and run Setup again.
 Setup from MS-DOS:
 If disk partitioning, disk compression, or other third-party software
 is required to start your computer, the AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS
 files should appear as follows:
    CONFIG.SYS
    --------------------------------------
    FILES=45
    BUFFERS=20
    <Third-party disk partitioner>
    <Third-party disk compression driver>
    <Other required third-party driver>
    SHELL=C:\<dir>\COMMAND.COM  /E:1024 /P
    AUTOEXEC.BAT
    ---------------
    PROMPT $P$G
    PATH=C:\DOS;C:\
 Setup from Windows:
 If disk partitioning, disk compression, or other third-party software
 is required to start your computer, the AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS
 files should appear as follows:
    CONFIG.SYS
    -------------------------------------
    FILES=45
    BUFFERS=20
    DEVICE=C:\<dir>\HIMEM.SYS
    <Third-party disk partitioner>
    <Third-party disk compression driver>
    <Other third-party drivers>
    STACKS=9,256
    SHELL=C:\<dir>\COMMAND.COM  /E:1024 /P
    AUTOEXEC.BAT
    --------------------------
    PROMPT $P$G
    PATH=C:\WINDOWS;C:\DOS;C:\
    SET TEMP=C:\<dir>
 Close all running Windows-based programs (except Program Manager) and
 disable 32-bit file and disk access before you run Setup again.
 NOTE: These examples assume you are not running Setup from a network.
 If you are running Setup from a network, please consult your network
 administrator for information about using a minimal boot.
 ScanDisk Stops Responding (Hangs)
 ---------------------------------
 If your computer hangs while ScanDisk is checking the hard disk for
 problems, Setup should return control of the computer to you after three
 minutes of inactivity. If Setup does not return control to you, run
 ScanDisk from the command prompt, and then run Setup again. If Setup
 continues to hang, run Setup with the /IS switch to prevent ScanDisk from
 running. When you do this, Setup runs CHKDSK to check for cross-linked
 files.
 Setup Hangs
 -----------
 The most common causes for Setup to hang are viruses and anti-virus
 software. If Setup hangs, first run an anti-virus program. If no viruses
 are found, check to see if an anti-virus program is resident in memory.
 Some computers include an anti-virus feature that prevents programs from
 writing to the boot sector of the hard disk. Such features may be set in
 your computer's CMOS settings. If anti-virus protection is running, Setup
 cannot finish the installation, or Windows 95 does not load properly.
 To work around this problem, disable the anti-virus feature in your
 computer's CMOS settings and then run Setup again. Once you have
 successfully completed  setup, it is okay to re-enable the virus detection
 software. For information about how to change CMOS settings on your
 computer, please contact your computer manufacturer.
 Setup Hangs on Disk 2
 ---------------------
 This problem can be caused by either of the following situations:
  - Bad disks. To test for bad disks, follow these steps:
    1. Copy the EXTRACT.EXE file from Disk 1 to the root directory of
       drive C. To do so, type the following line at the command
       prompt:
          copy a:\extract.exe c:\
    2. Create a temporary directory on your hard disk by typing the
       following line at the command prompt:
          md c:\win95tmp
    3. With Disk 2 in drive A, extract PRECOPY2.CAB and WIN95_02.CAB to
       the directory you created in step 2 with the following commands:
          extract /e precopy2.cab /l c:\win95tmp
          extract /e win95_02.cab /l c:\win95tmp
       NOTE: You must use the EXTRACT command on all the disks except
       Disk 1, due to their format.
       If you cannot copy or extract these files, you may need replacement
       disks.
  - Change-line support is not working properly.
    If Setup cannot read Disk 2 after it reads Disk 1, try the following
    steps:
    1. Add the appropriate line to the CONFIG.SYS file:
       For a 1.44-MB drive A:
          drivparm=/d:0 /f:7
       For a 1.44-MB drive B:
          drivparm=/d:1 /f:7
       NOTE: Because the /C switch is not included in these lines, MS-DOS
       does not depend on change-line support. If the CONFIG.SYS file
       contains a DRIVER.SYS line, disable it by placing the REM command at
       the beginning of the line.
    2. Restart the computer and then run Setup again.
    If Setup works correctly, change-line support is not functioning
    properly. Leave the DRIVPARM statement in the CONFIG.SYS file.
    If Setup still does not work correctly, remove the DRIVPARM statement
    from the CONFIG.SYS file and consult your computer manufacturer to make
    sure that the computer's CMOS settings are correct.
 Setup Hangs During Hardware Detection
 -------------------------------------
 If Setup hangs while it is detecting hardware in your computer, try the
 following steps:
 1. Turn your computer off, wait a few seconds, then turn it back on.
    NOTE: Do not use the reset button or press CTRL+ALT+DEL to restart
    your computer.
 2. Run Setup again and choose Smart Recovery when you are prompted.
 If Setup continues to hang at the same place during hardware detection,
 follow these steps:
 1. Run Setup.
 2. Click the Custom Setup option button when you are prompted.
 3. When you are prompted "Do you want Setup to look for all hardware
    devices?" click "No, I want to modify the hardware list."
 4. In the Hardware Types list, click only the following types:
       Display
       Floppy Disk Controller
       Hard Disk Controller
       Keyboard
       Mouse
 5. If Setup continues to hang during hardware detection, run Setup again
    and select different combinations of hardware types. For example,
    select only Display, Floppy Disk Controller, Keyboard, and Mouse.
 Setup Hangs While Creating the Startup Disk
 -------------------------------------------
 Setup may hang or generate a general protection (GP) fault error message
 when it tries to create the Startup Disk. This problem may be due to the
 presence of a virtual device driver (VxD) from Norton Utilities. To work
 around this problem, use either of the following methods:
  - Start Setup again. When you are prompted whether you want to create
    a Startup Disk, click No.
  - Remove the "device=symevnt.386" line from the [386Enh] section of the
    SYSTEM.INI file and then run Setup again. Use any text editor (such
    as Notepad or EDIT.COM) to edit the SYSTEM.INI file and remove this
    line.
 If you choose not to create a Startup Disk during Setup, you can create one
 after Setup is finished. To do so, follow these steps in Windows 95:
 1. Click the Start button, point to Settings, then click Control Panel.
 2. Double-click the Add/Remove Programs icon, then click the Startup
    Disk tab.
 3. Click the Create Disk button to create a Startup Disk.
 Setup Hangs After the First Reboot
 ----------------------------------
 Setup may hang after the first reboot for one of the following reasons:
  - There is a video driver conflict, or an incompatible real-mode hard
    disk driver. Try to start Windows 95 in Safe Mode by following these
    steps:
    1. Restart Windows 95. Press the F8 key when you see the "Starting
       Windows 95" message.
    2. Choose Safe Mode from the Microsoft Windows 95 Startup menu.
    If Windows 95 starts, change the video driver to the standard VGA
    driver by following these steps:
    1. Click the Start button, point to Settings, then click Control Panel.
    2. Double-click the Display icon.
    3. Click the Settings tab, then click the Change Display Type button.
    4. Click the Change button in the Adapter Type section, then click the
       Show All Devices option button.
    5. Click "(Standard Display Types)" then double-click Standard Display
       Adapter (VGA). Click OK.
    6. Restart Windows 95 normally.
    For additional information about troubleshooting video problems in
    Windows 95, please see the following articles in the Microsoft
    Knowledge Base:
       ARTICLE-ID: Q127139
       TITLE     : Troubleshooting Video Problems in Windows 95
  - There may be a damaged Windows 3.1 group (.GRP) file. To correct this
    problem, turn your computer off, wait a few seconds, then turn it back
    on. Run the Group Converter tool (GRPCONV.EXE) to rebuild each .GRP
    file individually.
 "Incorrect System Disk" or "Invalid System Disk" Error Message
 --------------------------------------------------------------
 CAUTION: If you are using Disk Manager or any other disk drive overlay
 program on a hard disk, make sure that the overlay driver is loaded before
 you use the SYS command on that hard disk. If the overlay driver is not
 loaded and you use the SYS command on the hard disk, the drive may not be
 recognized as being partitioned by the disk drive overlay program and you
 could experience a data loss or inability to boot from the drive.
 You can work around this problem by manually installing the Windows 95
 system files on the hard disk. To do so, follow these steps:
 1. Start your computer with the Startup Disk created during Setup.
 2. Make a backup copy of the current MSDOS.SYS file by typing the
    following lines at the command prompt:
       c:
       cd\windows\command
       attrib c:\msdos.sys -r -s -h
       ren c:\msdos.sys c:\msdos.xxx
 3. Use the SYS command from the Startup Disk to transfer the system
    files to the hard disk by typing the following lines at the
    command prompt:
       a:
       sys c:
 4. Replace the new MSDOS.SYS file with the backup copy by typing the
    following lines at the command prompt:
       c:
       cd\windows\command
       attrib c:\msdos.sys -r -s -h
       del c:\msdos.sys
       ren c:\msdos.xxx msdos.sys
       attrib c:\msdos.sys +r +s +h
 Setup Hangs on the Second Reboot
 --------------------------------
 For information about troubleshooting this and other problems in Windows
 95, please see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
    ARTICLE-ID: Q119941
    TITLE     : How to Rebuild, Convert, Troubleshoot Folders in Windows
                95
 KBCategory: kbsetup kbtshoot
 KBSubcategory: wpp95 win95
 Additional reference words: 95 tshoot


COPYRIGHT Microsoft Corporation, 1996.

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